A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft, gel-like center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing. This can irritate nearby nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Common causes of herniated discs include age-related wear and tear (disc degeneration), lifting heavy objects improperly, and sudden, awkward movements. Genetic factors can also make some individuals more prone to this condition.

Symptoms vary depending on the location of the herniation and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and loss of function. Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans, and neurological evaluations.

Treatment options for herniated discs include rest, physical therapy, pain medications, and, in severe cases, surgery. Maintaining good posture, regular exercise, and proper lifting techniques can help prevent herniated discs and promote spinal health.